Utskrift fra 1: A tapestry of the past. J.W. Cappelens Forlag AS
The Making of the Modern World
Goal in the syllabus:
4c
Elevane skal munnleg og skriftleg kunne tolke eit representativt utval tekstar av forfattarar av begge kjønn frå tida etter 1850
Signposts of Modernism
Here are a few important characteristics of Modernist literature (in parenthses: authors represented in Tapestry):
• a lack of concern with conventional morality (Woolf, Joyce)
• modern characters constantly contradict themselves; they are guided by irrational betrayals through plots in which nothing very much happens (Woolf, Hemingway)
• a focus on the inner lives of characters and their felt responses to experience (Woolf)
• a lack of concern with chronology (not immediately evident in these stories)
• a disjointed, terse, telegraphic style (Hemingway)
• a sense of radical newness, of the apocalyptic and of destruction and desolation (Hemingway)
• a feeling of alienation (Hemingway)
• motives that are hinted at rather than explicitly explained (Joyce, Woolf, Hemingway)
• symbolism (e.g. Woolf’s animal imagery, Hemingway’s machines)
• shocking themes (Joyce)
What was Communism and Nazism?
(p. 184 of Tapestry)
Communism
Communism in the Soviet Union accepted industrialization but rejected the capitalist economic system – as well as liberal democratic government – that had developed in Great Britain and the United States. Preaching an extreme form of equality, it created a planned economy geared to production for use to replace a market economy geared to production for profit. Instead of a multi-party democratic system, it established a one-party state controlled by the Communist Party and called the “dictatorship of the proletariat” (i.e. of the workers). It believed that some day the state would “wither away” when a perfect “classless” society would be built as predicted by Karl Marx. Until then there was one supreme leader. After 1924, that was Joseph Stalin. Great Britain and the United States looked with extreme disapproval at this new dictatorial system.
Fascism
Fascism, on the other hand, was an ideology that reacted against the impact of industrialization on society. It sought to control or harness the new economic system towards a nationalist goal. For this reason, it was called a “reactionary” ideology. It originated in Italy under Benito Mussolini, but is perhaps best known for its German variety, Nazism (a contraction of “national socialism”). In contrast to liberalism, Nazism believed that the only worth an individual had was as a part of a greater whole – the “Nation”. In contrast to communism, it believed that people belonged to separate races, rather than classes. The Germanic race and nation was superior to all others. Nazism rejected liberal democracy. Instead, it believed in the “Leadership Principle” – that one and only one person should lead the nation as ultimate dictator, Adolf Hitler. Above all, Nazism hated and feared Russian communism, which it viewed as an international conspiracy aimed an undermining the “German Nation” in league with the hated Jews. The liberal democracies of the Anglo-American world viewed such fascist regimes with, if possible, even greater distaste and disapproval than they viewed the communists.
WEB RESOURCES
Art of the First World War
http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/visite.html
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BBC History: World War One
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/
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Brooke: Biography
http://info.ox.ac.uk/jtap/tutorials/intro/brooke/
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Brooke: Listen to some of his poems
http://www.eaglesweb.com/Sub_Pages/brooke_poems.htm
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Eliot: Biography
http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/18
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Eliot: Response from young readers
http://www.cs.rice.edu/~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/258.html
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Eliot: TIME - the 100 persons of the century
http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/eliot.html
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Frost: America's Poet
http://www.ketzle.com/frost/
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Frost: The Robert Frost Web Page
http://www.robertfrost.org/indexgood.html
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Hemingway: Some of his favourite places
http://www.literarytraveler.com/hemingway/ernestplaces.htm
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Hemingway: The Hemingway Resource Center
http://www.lostgeneration.com/hrc.htm
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Hurston: A Teacher's Resource File
http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/hurston.htm
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Hurston: Biography and Bibliography
http://www-hsc.usc.edu/~gallaher/hurston/hurston.html
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Hurston: The Harlem Renaissance
http://www.nku.edu/~diesmanj/guides/index.html
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Introduction to First World War Poetry
http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/ltg/projects/jtap/tutorials/intro/
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Joyce: From TIME - The 100 persons of the century
http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/joyce.html
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Joyce: Resources
http://www.themodernword.com/joyce/
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Joyce: The James Joyce Centre in Dublin
http://www.jamesjoyce.ie/
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Modernism in Literature
http://www.poetrymagic.co.uk/modernist.html
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Orwell: A comment on 'Down and Out in Paris and London'
http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/personal/reading/orwell-down.html
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Orwell: Background information about the author and the novel
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A392735
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Orwell: Collection of Links
http://www.k-1.com/Orwell/index.cgi/interaction/link.html
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The Harlem Renaissance (brief)
http://www.gibbsmagazine.com/HarlemRen.htm
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Woolf: A Haunted House and Other Short Stories
http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/w/w91h/index.html
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Woolf: Biography
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/vwoolf.htm
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Woolf: International Society
http://www.utoronto.ca/IVWS/
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Woolf: Novels, Short Stories, Essays
http://gutenberg.net.au/pages/woolf.html
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Woolf: Virginia Woolf Materials
http://orlando.jp.org/VWSGB/dat/material.html
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Skrevet ut 08.09.2010, 02:57